Aplicabilidad de la ecografía pulmonar en la cardiología moderna y su valor en la pandemia de COVID-19

Geordan Goire Guevara

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Resumen

La ecografía pulmonar consiste en la obtención de imágenes de este órgano mediante el uso de ultrasonidos. Es una prueba inocua que no utiliza radiación y que no requiere de gran infraestructura, características que la convierten en una técnica reproducible y realizable a la cabecera del enfermo. Los pulmones se consideraron, clásicamente, como órganos no accesibles por ecografía, debido a la limitación de los ultrasonidos para atravesar la barrera de aire y huesos; pero con esta técnica se puede evaluar, de manera precisa y certera, la presencia y gravedad de algunas afecciones cardiopulmonares, así como la mejor estrategia terapéutica. La elevada afinidad de la COVID-19 por el sistema respiratorio permite utilizar la ecografía pulmonar como herramienta de triaje para identificar potenciales complicaciones, tanto en casos sospechosos o positivos como en asintomáticos o con sintomatología, ya que conocer el grado de afectación pulmonar —de acuerdo a los patrones que se observen en las imágenes adquiridas— permite estratificar a los pacientes según su gravedad, seleccionar el nivel de atención que necesitan y evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento.

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